NAD+

• Form: Lyophilized powder
• Purity: >99%

Overview

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is an endogenous nucleotide that plays a central role in cellular metabolism, energy production, and DNA repair. Beyond its coenzyme functions, NAD+ has also been studied as a secondary messenger in calcium-dependent signaling and as a potential immunoregulatory molecule.

Research Background

NAD+ is synthesized naturally in cells through pathways involving tryptophan, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide riboside, and nicotinamide mononucleotide. These precursors contribute to the de novo and salvage pathways that maintain NAD+ levels. Research indicates that NAD+ participates in over 500 enzymatic reactions, supporting its essential role in energy metabolism and cellular function.

Mechanism of Interest

• Redox coenzyme: Acts as a coenzyme in oxidation–reduction reactions, cycling between NAD+ and NADH to transfer energy within metabolic pathways.
• Enzyme regulation: Supports three key enzyme classes: sirtuins (SIRTs), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and ADP-ribosyl cyclases.
• Balance in activity: Competition among NAD+-dependent enzymes highlights the importance of maintaining cellular NAD+ availability for optimal function.
• Aging and metabolism: Declining NAD+ levels have been linked to impaired energy metabolism, weakened DNA repair, and age-related dysfunction.

Molecular Information

• Molecular Formula: C21H27N7O14P2
• Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol
• Other Names: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide